1. Have you decided what music you'd like us to play
at the party? 你决定让我们在晚会上演奏什么音乐?
注意at the party中的介词at，一般各种会议多用at，又
如：
at the wedding 在婚礼上
at the opening ceremony 在开幕式上
at the conference 在大会上
at the meeting 在会上
at the fair 在集市上
at the sports meet 在运动会上
at/in the Olympic Games 在奥运会上
at the 11th. Asian Games 在第11届亚运会上

2. Oh, at the end some songs that everyone's familiar
with, then they can join in.
噢，在结束时演奏一些大家都熟悉的歌曲，这样大家都能
唱。
familair的主语如果是有生命的事物并且表示"与……熟
悉"的意思，常接介词with,如果是无生命的事物做主语，并且
表示"为……所熟悉"，常接介词to，如：
He is very familiar with the names of plants in
English.
他很熟悉植物的英语名称。
Suzhou and Hangzhou are very familiar to many
Chinese people.
苏州和杭州为大多数中国人所熟悉。

3. Well, I think at the beginning we'd rather have
some fairly quiet and peaceful music.
嗯，我觉得开始时我们宁愿要一些宁静平和的音乐。
注意fairly表示"十分"或"相当"，通常与褒义词连用，
而与它相近的副词rather常与贬义词连用，如：
It is fairly cool today.
今天相当凉爽。
He was rather angry at my words.
听了我的话他非常生气。
当然，有时候这种区别并不重要，尤其在英国英语中，如：
We were fairly caught in the trap.
我们完全掉入了陷阱。
fairly作为副词"公正地"，是由形容词fair派生而来，
与just和justly相同，如：
Up till the present time, the blacks of the United
States are not always treated fairly.
时至今日，美国的黑人并不总是受到公平的待遇。 4. Otherwise we won't be able to hear ourselves talk.
否则我们听不见自己谈话。
1) otherwise 既是连词，也是副词，意为"否则"、"用
其它的方法"、"在不同的情况下"，如：
He was not treated in time. Otherwise he would not
have died.
他没有得到及时的治疗。否则他不会死。
Obviously you think otherwise.
显然你的想法不同。
The rent is high, but otherwise the house is quite
satisfactory.
租金虽高，但在其它方面这房子还是让人满意的。
注意第一例中otherwise所接的是虚拟语气，otherwise 本
身相当于一个从句If he had been treated in time。
2) hear sb. do 意为"听到某人做了某事"或"听到某人
经常做某事"，如：
I heard him step upstairs, enter the room and shut
the door.
我听见他走上楼梯，走进房间，然后关上了门。
We often heard the girl recite poems when she was a
little girl.
当她还是个小女孩的时候，我们经常听她背诵诗歌。

5. Maybe some folk songs to start with?
或许可以民歌开始?
这是一个省略句，相当于Maybe we can have some folk
songs to start with。
folk 除了用作"民间的"，还可以用作名词，与people是
近义词，如：
The town folk know him as Mr. Dickie.
镇上的人们都知道他是迪基先生。
Do you like singing Chinese folk songs?
你喜欢唱中国民歌吗?

6. You have to practise a lot. 你得好好练。
practise 既是及物动词，也是不及物动词，接宾语时如果
使用动词，则应用动词的-ing形式，而不用动词不定式，如：
Practise speaking English every day, and soon
you'll improve your spoken English.
每天练习讲英语，很快就可以提高口语水平。

7. 有关本单元的其它句型请参阅II.交际功能。

8. There are two important kinds of music in the
world - one is written down and the other is not.
世界上有两种音乐--一种是书面记载的，另一种则没有。
one...the other... 在本单元意为
"一个……另一个……"，又如：
Professor Carl held a tube in one hand, and the
bottle filled with liquid in the other.
卡尔教授一只手拿着试管，另一只手拿着装着液体的小瓶。
类似的结构还有：
In winter, some birds will fly away, and other
birds will stay with you.
到了冬季，一些鸟飞走了，一些鸟留下来陪伴你。
During the break, some students were talking and
laughing, and the others were still reading or doing
exercises.
课间，有些学生在谈笑，另一些学生仍然在读书或做作业。
I have two companies, one is in China and one/the
other is in the States.
我拥有两家公司，一家在中国，一家在美国。
I saw a rat slide out of a hole in the corner, then
another, and then still another.
我看见一只老鼠从墙洞里溜了出去，然后又是一只，然后
又是一只。

9. Many people earn their living by writing music.
许多人靠创作音乐为生。
earn是一个普通的及物动词，后面常跟名词或代词，有时
接双宾语结构，意为"挣得"，如：
He earned his living by selling bread.
他以卖面包为生。
Einstein's achievements in physical research earned
himself respect and admiration.
爱因斯坦在物理学研究领域的成就为他赢得了声誉。
试比较名词earnings(赚来的钱 pl.)的用法：
Soon he spent all his earnings and was reduced to a
beggar.
很快他花光了所有的钱，沦为一名乞丐。

10. Folk music has been passed down from one generation
to another. 民间音乐被一代一代地传下来。
1) pass down意为"传下来"，注意是介词+副词结构，如
果代词作宾语，需插在中间，如：
My father has passed it down to me.
是我父亲将它传给我的。
The tradition of eating moon cakes on the Mid-
Autumn Festival has been passed down from ancient times.
中秋节吃月饼的习俗是从古代传下来的。
This spirit will be passed down from generation to
generation.
这种精神将会被一代一代地传下去。
pass还可以和一些其它的副词组成习语或词组，如：
pass by 路过；忽视
pass away 逝世
pass on 继续传
2) generation意为"一代人"，如：
generation gap 代沟
该词由动词generate(生成)派生而来。

11. Early performers of music were popular and
respected. 早期的音乐演奏者颇受人们欢迎并备受尊敬。
performer来自于动词perform, perform可以和不同的名词
搭配，如：
The doctor is performing an operation on a
patient's stomach.
大夫现在正在给一个病人做胃部手术。
You may trust him for he always performs his duties
well.
你可以信赖他，他总是尽忠职守。
Although he was only seven, he performed quite
skilfully on the violion.
尽管才七岁，他的小提琴已经拉得相当娴熟。
试比较：performance n. 表演
The ballet dancer's performance was well received
in Rome.
这位芭蕾舞演员的表演在罗马很受欢迎。

12. On festivals they used to act and sing in praise
of heroes who lived long ago.
在节日期间，他们常常以表演和唱歌来歌颂那些很久以前
的英雄。
1) on festivals 在节日，festival，节日，常和介词
on/at连用，如：
the Lantern Festival 灯节；元宵节
a music festival 音乐节
The villagers only sing and dance on special
festivals.
村民们只是在特别的节日才唱歌跳舞。
2) in praise of，为……颂扬；歌颂，如：
This is a book in praise of those pioneers.
这是一本赞扬那些先驱者的书。
Much was said in praise of their achievements.
赞扬他们成就的话很多。
类似的结构还有：
in honour of 向……表示敬意，为了纪念……
in memory of 纪念，如：
We are planning a party in honour of the guests.
我们在筹划为客人们举行的聚会。
The villagers set up a monument in memory of the
dead in this battle.
村民们建了一座纪念碑纪念这次战斗中的死者。

13. This was at a time when there was no radio, TV or
cinema. 这种情况是发生在没有广播、电视或电影的时期的。
a time在此意为a period of time，在过去的课文中，我
们曾经学过after a time, for a time，都表示相同的含义。
when所引导的是一个定语从句，修饰a time，又如：
In the Chinese history, there was a time when
people had to use foreign oil.
在中国历史上，曾经有一段时间人们不得不使用洋油。

14. West Indians make musical instruments out of large
oil cans. 西印度群岛上的人们用大油桶制作乐器。
make作"制造"解时，后面常接介词of, from/out of,
into, 有时接up of，介词或副词不同，语义也不同，如：
The necklace is made of diamond.
这条项链是由钻石制成的。(可看出制作用的原料)
Paper can be made from/out of wood.
木材可用来造纸。(看不出制作用的原料)
Can you make bamboo into a basket?
你会用竹子编篮子吗?
Our class is made up of 26 girls and 30 boys.
我们班由26个女生和30个男生组成。(由不同成员组成)

15. This type of music has become very famous in
Britain and is very good music to dance to.
这种音乐已在不列颠流行开来，是很好的舞蹈音乐。
dance to 随着……跳舞
dance既是及物动词，也是不及物动词，如果表示"与……
跳舞"，用介词with，如：
She dances waltzs very beautifully.
她的华尔兹跳得很美。
Would you like to dance with me?
请您与我跳舞好吗?
The dancers danced to the beautiful music.
舞蹈演员们随着优美的音乐翩翩起舞。

16. It came from work songs sung by black people and
had its roots in Africa.
它来自黑人劳动时所唱的歌曲，起源于非洲。
have one's roots in 起源于
The rock-'n-roll music had roots in the Afro
-Americans.
摇滚乐起源于美国的黑人。
root原指植物的根，但常常转义为"起源"，不仅用作名
词，而且用作动词，如：
Since then, hatred has rooted deep in his mind.
自从那时起，仇恨便在他心中扎下了根。
He rooted a cutting of the rose in the earth.
他将玫瑰插条种在泥土里。

17. 本课是一首小诗，阅读时注意断句、押韵、重音、节奏、
感情等。
这首小诗在节奏和重音上主要采用了抑抑扬格(__ __ -)
和抑扬格(__ -)。韵脚采用了a,b,a,b,a,b,a,b和a,c,d,c,a,
e,a,e。第一节以[ei]和[t]为韵脚，第二节以[ei]、[u:]和
[d]为韵脚，以女韵和男韵相间，给人以非常和谐柔和的感觉，
读来十分感人。

18. While the chimes ring out with a carol gay
For the joy that the day has brought...
当钟声唱出欢乐的颂歌
为了这美好日子带来的欢愉……
1) chime既是动词，也是名词，意为"谐和钟声"(常用复
数)、"奏出和谐的钟声"或"协调"，如：
I like listening to the chimes given out by the old
church clock in our village.
我喜欢聆听我们村教堂里古老的钟所发出的和谐钟声。
She is such a pleasant girl that she can chime in
with everyone else in her class.
她是个让人愉悦的女孩，与班上所有人的关系都很融洽。
2) carol既是动词，也是名词，意为"颂歌"、"欢乐地
歌唱"，如：
Let's sing the Christmas Carol in chorus.
让我们齐声唱圣诞颂歌。
The children are caroling happily.
孩子们在欢快地齐声唱歌。

19. ...
When the sun goes down with a flaming ray,
And the dear friends have to part?
当太阳带着红霞西沉，
亲爱的朋友不得不离你而去，
……
1) go down相当于set。
2) flame既是动词，也是名词，意为"火焰"、"燃烧"，
如：
The sun's flames brightens the earth.
阳光照亮了地球。
The bonfire flamed almost all the evening.
篝火几乎燃烧了整个晚上。
2) part在句中是动词，意为"(让)分开"、"分歧"，
如：
The police parted the crowd.
警察将人们分开。
Let's part friends.
让我们友好分手。
On that question I'm afraid I'll part company with
you.
在这个问题上，恐怕我和你有分歧。
They parted at the stone bridge.
他们在石桥分手。
试比较：part n. 部分；零件；角色
Here we are all parts of a big family.
在这里我们都是一个大家庭的成员。
China is playing an important part in the world
trade.
中国正在世界贸易中发挥重要作用。
We should have parts of the machine replaced by
some new ones.
我们应该叫人把这台机器的部分零件换了。

20. For memory has painted this perfect day,
With colours that never fade,
...
fade vt. & vi. (使) 凋谢；(使)褪色；(使)衰落
这是一个富于诗意的单词，用起来文学味很浓。
The strong sunlight faded the curtains.
强烈的阳光使窗帘褪了色。
Soon the flower faded.
花儿很快凋谢了。
Gradually her hopes faded.
她的希望逐渐成了泡影。

21. 定语：前面的课文句型语法讲解中曾经涉及这一问题，本
单元的三个Practice全部是围绕这一问题的，动词的-ing形式
作定语，主要注意三个方面：
1) 形式(以动词be为例)
doing...being done
注意不可用完成时态。如：
Who's that boy playing basketball there?
那个打篮球的男孩是谁?
The meeting being held now is about the opening
ceremony.
正在举行的会议是有关开幕式的。
不可说：
*This is the train having arrived.
*The boy having been beaten was crying.
遇到上述情况应改用定语从句。
2) 位置
一般单个的-ing形式放在被修饰的词前面，而词组放在被
修饰的词后面，如：
the burning house 正在燃烧的房屋
the house smoking heavily 正在冒浓烟的房屋
3) 主动与被动
the boy beating the drums 正在打鼓的男孩
the girl reading aloud 正在朗诵的女孩
the rising sun 正在升起的太阳
the changing world 正在改变的世界
the boy being beaten 正在挨打的男孩
the poem being read aloud 正在被诵读的诗歌
the code being changed 正在被改变的密码
注意：一般只有及物动词的 -ing 形式可以改变为被动式
being done。

22. 表语：作表语的动词-ing形式必须注意与动词的 -ed 形式
或过去分词的区别，尤其是及物动词，如：
The news that our football team has failed again is
rather disappointing.
我们足球队再次失利的消息真让人失望。
We are all disappointed at the news that our speech
competition has been called off.
听到演讲比赛被取消的消息我们很失望。
又如：
exciting (令人兴奋的)-excited(兴奋的)
discouraging(让人沮丧的)-discouraged(沮丧的)
interesting(有趣的)-interested(感兴趣的)
moving(打动人的)-moved(被感动的)

23. 宾语补语：注意动词的-ing形式(主动)和-ed形式(被动)的
区别
When I came home, I found him still working at his
desk.
我回来时他还在伏案工作。
When I stepped into the bathroom, I found the
clothes washed.
我走进浴室，发现衣服已洗过了。