1. Do come in. 进来，进来。
这是一个强调句。英语中强调的方法很多，但大致可以分
为四类：
1) 用强调句型 It is/was... that/who/whom...,如：
It is the very dictionary that I want.
这正是我要的词典。
这种句型可用来强调除动词以外的任何句子成分。
2) 用倒装或其它改变句子成分位置的方法，如：
For four years the couple worked in the shed,
weighing, calculating, or measuring.
整整四年，这对夫妇在这个工棚里秤啊，计算啊，量啊。
Away went his hat with the wind.
他的帽子被风刮走了。
3) 用一些语气词，如：
Arthur is my friend indeed.
亚瑟确实是我的好朋友。
The little boy is exactly like his father.
那个小男孩长得确实象他父亲。
4) 用动词do的各种形式来强调动词，如：
Do be quiet. 务必保持安静。
I did go to the store but I didn't see him.
我确实去了小店，但我没看见他。
Edgar does like football.
埃德加确实喜欢足球。

2. He is here on a visit from Guangzhou.
他从广州来此地访问。
注意句中介词on的用法与前面所学的on holiday,on
business比较相似，都表示动作正在进行。如：
The general secretary is on a visit to Canada.
总书记正在访问加拿大。
They are on hoiliday in the southern part of Italy.
他们正在意大利南部度假。
此外，有关访问和旅程的英语单词前大多可用on/during，
而如果表示前往某地时则多用to，如：
She is on a visit to Spain.
她正在访问西班牙。
During his stay in Zurich, he went to a lot of
scenic spots.
在苏黎世逗留期间，他去了许多风景地。
We met with a terrible storm on our voyage to
Antarctica.
在去南极的航海途中，我们遇到了可怕的风暴。
What are you going to do on your journey to Beijing?
你在去北京的途中打算干些什么?
We talked all the way on our trip to the suburbs.
在去郊区的途中，我们一路谈个不停。

3. I've got some personal affairs that I have to see
to, but I also got some time to visit some relatives.
我有一些私人事务要处理，但我也有一些时间去看亲戚。
1) 在上一课，我们学到了object，讲解了object和thing
的区别。affair也可以指"事情"，但往往指较大的事件。
affair的复数形式常指"事务"。如：
That railway accident is really a terrible affair.
那次火车事故真是件可怕的事。
That is my affair, not yours.
那是我的事，不是你的事。
A prime minister or a premier is kept busy with
affairs of state.
首相或总理总是忙于国家事务。
Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs braodcast
on TV last night.
外交大臣昨晚发表了电视讲话。
2) see to 意为"照看"、"留意"、"负责"。see to
中的to 是介词，后接名词或代词，动词的-ing形式，也可以接
形式宾语it，再接一个宾语从句。如：
I'll cook lunch, will you see to the children?
我来烧午饭，你照看一下孩子好吗?
That man will see to your luggage.
那个人将照看你的行李。
Who will see to sweeping the floor?
谁负责扫地?
I'll see to it that he will go to the best
university in England.
我将负责让他上英国最好的大学。
3) relative 意为"亲属"、"亲戚"，如：
I have several relatives working in the Middle East.
我有好几个亲戚在中东工作。
I'm afraid I can't go as I have visiting relatives
at home.
我恐怕不能去，家中有来访的亲戚。
试比较：
relative adj. 相对的；比较的；有关(与to连用)
They are now living in relative comfort.
他们现在生活得比较舒适。
Can you tell us the facts relative to the murder?
你能告诉我们与谋杀有关的事实吗?
Pass me the papers relative to the case.
将与案件有关的文件递给我。

4. Mrs.Zhu, I called to tell you that the confernece
has been delayed until the 15th. and 16th...
朱女士，我打了电话告诉你会议被推迟到15号和16号……
delay与put off意思相近，但put off主要表示人为的推迟，
而delay既表示被动的耽搁，也表示人为的推迟。如：
The train was delayed for two hours because of the
hurricane.
因为飓风火车晚点了两小时。
We must delay/put off our journey until the weather
improves.
我们必须推迟旅行，等到天气好转。
Being short of money delayed our carrying out the
plan.
缺少资金耽误了我们实施那个计划。
Don't delay.
不要拖延。

5. I meant to tell you yesterday, but you were not in
your office. 昨天我想告诉你的，但你不在办公室。
mean后面常可以接to do sth.或动词的-ing形式。一般说
来，mean to do sth.多表示打算或企图，mean doing sth.则
表示"意味着什么"。当然，有时为了结构的对应关系，mean
to do sth.也可以表示"意味着什么"，但 mean doing sth.
一般不表示企图或打算。如：
Missing the bus means waiting for one more hour.
错过了这班车意味着再等一小时。
To go to the palace ball with just a flower means
to say "I'm poor".
仅佩戴一支花去参加宫廷舞会等于表明"我很穷"。
I had meant to receive you at the station, but was
prevented by a business appointment.
我本打算去车站接你，但因为一个生意会谈而耽搁了。

6. It's time I went and picked up my little girl from
school.
我该去学校接我的小女孩了。
1)It is time that sb. did sth./should do sth...是一
个虚拟句，既可以用过去时也可以用should+动词原形，注意
should在此处一般不省略。如：
Robert, it's time you got up.
罗伯特，你该起床了。
It's high time that we should solve the problem of
pollution.
我们早就该解决污染问题了。
2) pick up是一个多义词组，主要意思为"捡起"、
"搭载"、"学到"等。如：
My little sister picked up a wallet in the street
and handed in to police.
我的小妹在街上捡了个钱包，把它交给了警察。
He had a fall but picked himself up quickly.
他摔了一跤，但很快爬了起来。
He picked up some French when he worked in France.
他在法国工作时学了一些法语。
The driver stopped his car to pick me up.
那个驾驶员停车带上了我。

7. 有关本课的其它句型结构请参阅II.交际功能。

8. Well known for his expert advice, he was able to
help a great number of people with their personal
affairs. 他以卓越的见解著称，帮助人们解决了许多私人事
务。
1) a great/large number of 修饰可数名词，与之相对应
的a large/great amount of修饰不可数名词，前者指数目，后
者指数量。试比较：
Squirrels store a large number of nuts inside trees
before winter comes.
冬季来临前，松鼠总要在树洞里储存很多坚果。
Every year, a great amount of coal is carried away
from here to other places.
每年，大量的煤从这里运往其它地方。
2) expert 意为"熟练的"、"在行的"、"专家"、
"行家"等。它既是形容词，也是名词。expert作为形容词使用
时，与介词at搭配，一般读作[}eksp:t]或[eks}p:t]。
expert也可以作为名词使用，常与介词in或on搭配，一般读作
[}eksp:t]。如：
We should take the advice of the experts in
economics.
我们应该听从经济学专家的意见。
According to the expert opinions, the river should
not change its course.
根据行家的意见，这条河不应该改变路线。
He is expert at driving racing cars.
他是驾驶赛车的行家。

9. Her parents were dead and left her a lot of money.
她的父母去世了，留给她许多钱。
leave sb. sth. 是双宾语结构，也可以用leave sth. to
sb., 意为"给……留下"，如：
She left the house to her sister.
She left her sister the house.
她将房屋留给了她的妹妹。
The billionaire died, leaving his wife and daughter
huge amounts of money and property.
亿万富翁去世以后，给妻子女儿留下巨额财产。
当然，leave作为动词"留下"，还有其他结构，如：
I left the bookstore,leaving my son continuing
choosing books.
我离开了书店，让儿子继续在那里选书。
Please don't leave me to stay in that house alone.
请不要让我一个人呆在那屋子里。
The man escaped, leaving the construction
unfinished.
那个家伙(男人)逃跑了，搁下了那个工程还未完工。

10. Often at night she would hear a long low whistle
and the sound of a metallic noise. 她经常在夜间听见低低
的口哨和金属声。
1) 注意a long low whistle中形容词的语序。一般英语中
形容词排列的顺序为：
┌───────────────────────────┐
│ │ │大小、│ │ 名词或 │ │
│限定词等│ 性质等 │长度 │颜色 │ │ 名词 │
│ │ │形状等│ │ 动名词 │ │
├───────────────────────────┤
│a very │valuable│ │ │ │ │
│ │old │ │ │gold │watch │
│a │ │long │brown│leather │belt │
│a │ │high │red │brick │wall │
│quite an│attrac- │trian-│green│Cape- │ │
│ │ tive │ gular│ │ colony │stamp │
│those │smart │ │brown│snakeskin│shoes │
│some │sour │ │green│eating │apples │
│several │ │large │red │pickling │cabbages│
│her │ │small │pink │ │face │
└───────────────────────────┘
如果同一性质的形容词有两个或两个以上，则以短词在前，
长词在后。
2) metallic是由名词metal为词根的形容词。如：
metallic coins 金属钱币
metallic compounds 金属化合物
metallic sounds 金属似的声音

11. They had even quarrelled several times. 他们甚至
争吵过几次。
quarrel意为"争吵"。quarrel的过去式和过去分词既可
以写成-lled,也可以写成-led,尤其是在美国英语中。quarrel
常用在quarrel with sb. about/over sth. 结构中。如：
They often quarrelled with each other about politics
in the club.
他们经常在俱乐部为政治问题争吵不休。
The blind men quarrelled with each other over what
the elephant was like.
这些盲人就大象像什么争吵不休。

12. I dare say my uncle will.
我敢说我叔叔会的。
1) 这是一个省略句，will后面省略了get my money。
2) I dare say是一种固定结构，常常用作插入语，意为
"我敢说"或"大概"，如：
There's something wrong with the radio, I dare say.
收音机有毛病了，我敢说。
I dare say that he will not accept our gift.
他大概不会接受我们的礼物。

13. I think it will be necessary for me to pay you a
visit and see where you live. 我想我有必要去拜访你一下
并看看你的住所。
pay a visit to 意为"拜访"。这里visit是可数名词，
pay a visit to强调"拜访一次"，如果是两次，则可以说pay
two visits，以此类推。

14. Do you see that hole high up in the wall, about 18
cm by 9?
你看到上面那个长18厘米宽9厘米的墙洞了吗?
1) 注意介词词组in the wall,表示"在墙里"。而on the
wall表示"在墙(的表面)上"。如：
There are three oil paintings on the wall.
墙上有三幅油画。
Those windows in tha walls are torn and broken.
墙上的窗户都已破旧不堪。
2) about 18 cm by 9 是表示面积的方法，又如：
Our bedroom in 5 metres by 4 metres.
我们的卧室5米长，4米宽。

15. I can see it fastened to a nail next to the hole in
the wall... 我可以看见它被固定在墙洞旁的一颗钉子上……
1) fasten意为"使牢固"、"系住"、"捆在一起"。
fasten是一个普通的及物动词，其后可根据需要接不同的名词。
如：
Have you fastened all the doors and windows?
你把所有的门窗都关紧了吗?
He fastened two pieces of paper together with glue.
他用胶水将两张纸粘在一起。
Why do you fasten your eyes upon me?
你为什么盯着我?
试比较：
fasten vi.抓紧；选出(作为攻击的对象)
The reporters fastened upon the actress.
这些记者们抓住这个女演员不放。
It's no good your fastening upon your wrong idea.
你坚持错误的观点绝对没好处。
2) fastened是it的宾语补足语，在see, look at, watch,
observe, notice, listen to, hear等感觉动词后，常可以使
用过去分词，现在分词，或不定式作宾补。一般过去分词表示
被动、完成了的动作。现在分词表示主动并正在进行。不定式
表示主动但是已经发生的动作或经常发生的动作。注意当这些
感觉动词本身是主动语态时，不定式去掉to，而当它们是被动
语态时，不定式要加上to。如：
When I came home, I saw the clothes washed.
我回家时发现衣服已洗过了。
When I stepped into the garden, I saw my daughter
playing tennis with his boy friend.
我走进花园时，看见女儿正在与她的男友打网球。
I saw him cross the street and disappear among the
crowds.
我看见他穿越街道，消失在人群中。
He was seen to enter the shop and (to) steal some
food from the shelf.
有人看见他进入商店并从货架上偷了一些食品。

16. The room had little furniture. 这房间里几乎没有什么
家具。
furniture 一般用作不可数名词，意为"家具"。如：
How much does this set of furniture cost?
这套家具价值多少?
如果说："一件家具"，常用a piece of furniture。

17. There was an armchair and on a table next to it
were two pipes, some tobacco and a box of matches.
有一把扶手椅，旁边的桌子上有两只烟斗、一些烟草和一
盒火柴。
1) armchair与chair有区别，armchair有扶手，介词常用
in，而chair则既可用on,也可用in。
2) next to sth. 意为"紧挨着"、"仅次于"、
"几乎"、"就要"等，与close to sth. 是近义词组。如：
The man next to Bill is talking to him in Spanish.
比尔旁边的男子正在用西班牙语与他交谈。
It is the largest city next to Paris.
这是仅次于巴黎的最大城市。
Next to swimming, I like table tennis very much.
除了游泳以外，我酷爱打乒乓。
It was next to impossible to drive in the rush
hour in this area.
高峰期在这个地区驾驶几乎是不可能的。
We were next to winning the match, but what a pity
they managed to kick a two goals in the last few
minutes.
我们就要赢了，遗憾的是最后几分钟里他们进了两球。
3) 本句是一个并列句，第二个分句是方位介词短语引导
的倒装句，又如：
In front of our building are lots of flowers and
trees.
在我们的大楼前面有许多花和树。

18. There was also a gun and a thin piece of rope with
the end tied in a circle. 还有一把枪，和一条末端系成一
个圈状的细绳。
1) 注意句中There was后面所接的由and连接的复数主语。
There be一般要采用"就近原则"，也就是说动词的单复数决
定于与之相邻的名词的单复数。如：
There is a table and two chairs in the room.
房间里有一张桌子和两把椅子。
There were a lot of old houses and a bridge here
before.
这里曾经有许多旧屋和一座桥。
2) with the end tied in a circle是介词复合结构，
又如：
The baby cannot go to sleep with the light turned
off.
这婴孩关了灯便无法入睡。

19. Dr. Watson and I will spend the night locked in
your room. 华生医生和我将锁在你的房间里过夜。
locked in your room是过去分词短语作伴随状语，修饰动
词spend。注意现在分词和过去分词的区别。现在分词表示正在
进行的主动动作，而过去分词表示已经结束的或被动的动作。
试比较：
The professor came in, following a group of young
men.
教授跟在一群年轻人后面进来了。(主动)
The professor came in, followed by a group of young
men.
教授进来了，后面跟着一群年轻人。(被动)

20. Holmes put out a box of matches on the table...
福尔摩斯拿出一盒火柴，放在桌子上。
put out是一个多义词组，与不同的名词搭配往往具有不同
的语义。如：
The firemen soon put out the fire.
消防队员很快将火扑灭了。
She fell off her horse and put her shoulder out.
她从马上摔下来，肩膀脱臼了。
She put her togue out at my words.
听了我的话，她伸了伸舌头。
Don't get drunk or they will put you out of the bar.
别喝醉了，否则他们会把你赶出酒吧的。
The man put out all his strength to reach for his
gun.
那个男人竭尽全力去够他的枪。
This factory put out 5,000 telephone sets last year.
这家工厂去年生产了5,000台电话机。
The least things may put her out.
微不足道的事也会使她担忧。
在本课中，put out是"拿出并放在"的意思。

21. From that moment on they sat in silence. 从那时起
他们便默默地坐着。
in silence 意为"默默地"、"默默的"。如：
The night was dark and all were in silence.
夜幕降临了，万籁俱寂。
She sat in the corner in silence.
她默默地坐在角落里。
英语中有些抽象名词可以与介词in连用，构成一些方式状
语。如：
in anger 生气地
in surprise 惊讶地
in excitement 兴奋地
in disapproval 不赞成地

22. A moment later there was a scream from the next
door. 过了一会儿从隔壁房间传来一声尖叫。
scream既是动词，也是名词，意为"尖叫"、"叫喊"，
如：
Once in a while you can hear the screams of peacocks.
偶尔你可以听到孔雀的叫声。
The patient gave out a scream of pain.
病人痛苦地尖叫一声。
试比较：
scream vt. & vi.尖叫；叫喊
She screamed out that there was someone under her
bed.
她叫喊着说她床下有人。
Who's that screaming woman?
那个尖叫的妇女是谁?

23. They broke into the uncle's bedroom and found the
man lying on the floor, dead. 他们闯进叔叔的寝室，发现
那男人躺在地板上，死了。
break into 意为"闯进"、"突然爆发"。注意与break
in的区别。break into相当于一个及物动词，后接宾语。break
in 相当于一个不及物动词。两者语义相近。如：
Burglars broke in while we were away.
我们外出时有盗贼闯进过。
The police broke into the locked room.
警察强行进入了那个锁着的房间。
Don't break in when they are talking.
他们谈话时不要插言。
We broke into laughters at his joke.
听了他的笑话，我们大笑起来。

24. You were supposed to die like that. 你本该这样死。
suppose是一个较活跃的动词，甚至还可以作为从属连词使
用。在不同的语境和结构中，它往往具有不同的意思。be
supposed to do sth.意为"应该做某事"，"被认为做某事"
或"按计划将做某事"。如：
I don't suppose he will agree, will he?
我想他不会同意，是不是?
Suppose/supposing there is a chance to go abroad,
what will you do?
假如有一个机会出国，你会怎么办?
The train is supposed to arrive at 9:40.
火车应该在9点40到达。
You were supposed to have died, but you are alive!
以为你已经死了，但你还活着。
You are supposed to be with good manners at table.
就餐时你应该举止得体。

25. I'm not sorry that I drove the snake back into the
room where it attacked its keeper. 我将蛇赶回到这间房子
里来，它在此袭击了它的饲养人，对此我并不感到遗憾。
attack是一个普通的及物动词，直接接名词或代词作宾语。
它也可以用作名词。不管是名词还是动词，它的意思都是"进
攻"、"攻击"或"袭击"，如：
Attack is the best form of defence.
进攻是最好的防御。
When will we make an attack upon the enemy?
我们何时向敌人发起进攻?
We should attack the enemy from behind.
我们应该从背后攻击敌人。
This is a disease that attacks children.
这是一种侵袭儿童的疾病。

26. 本单元语法：过去分词作定语和状语
掌握过去分词的要点是：
1) 形式：
done
注意是否重复最后一个辅音字母。
如：wrapped, referred to, preferred, contorlled
注意是否为不规则动词。
如：cut, woken, lit/lighted, burned/burnt, set,
hung/hanged
2) 表示被动完成或完成：
及物动词的过去分词表示被动完成。
如：the broken bottle被打碎的瓶子
the bridge built last year去年建成的桥
不及物动词的过去分词表示完成，不表示被动。
如：the fallen leaves 落叶
the sunken ship 沉船
3) 注意位置：
单个的过去分词一般放在被修饰词的前面。
如：the developed countries 发达国家
the changed world 改变了的世界
the locked door 锁上了的门
过去分词词组一般放在被修饰词的后面。
如：the box left open 开着的箱子
the rope fastened to the boat 系在船上的绳子
the wheat cut down yesterday 昨天割的麦子
4) 作用：
定语：The painted walls look beautiful.
油漆过的墙壁很美。
表语：The days are gone when the Chinese people were
bullied by the foreign invaders.
中国人民受外国列强欺负的日子已经一去不复返了。
状语：Dr. Watson and I will spend the night locked
in your room.
华生医生和我将锁在你的房间里过夜。
宾补：I can see it fastened to a nail next to the
hole in the wall...
我可以看见它被固定在墙洞旁边的一颗钉子上……
5) 注意与现在分词和不定式的区别：
定语：the meeting held yesterday 昨天举行的会议
the meeting being held now 现在正举行的会议
the meeting to be held tomorrow 明天将举行的
会议
状语：He is sitting by the lake, reading a novel.
他正坐在湖边读小说。
He lay on the parking lot, beaten black and
blue.
他躺在停车场里，伤势很重。
宾语：I found him stealing the money.
我发现他在偷钱。
I found the money stolen. 我发现钱被偷了。
I noticed him enter his neighbour's house.
我注意到他进了邻居的屋子。